To better understand how the dissenters attack Church teachings and attempt to undermine them for replacement by their own man-made (or woman-made) faith, it is very helpful to be aware of the vocabulary (or vernacular) used. When one belongs to a particular group, one generally takes on the terminology used by that group. To illustrate, a practicing Catholic would speak of God the Father, Jesus, God the Son, Sacraments (e.g. Confession and Holy Communion), Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, the Eucharist, holiness, Our Lady, saints, virtue, beatitudes, charity, devotion, prayer, the Rosary and such. Therefore, one way to help discern if a person is a dissenter is to listen how they speak or read how they write. Such discernment is necessary because the dissenters work via verbal subterfuge rather than clearly and openly as Jesus taught [8]. This article intends to act as a guide to help in such discernment. Prayer, of course, along with study of the Catholic Faith, and most importantly actual practice of the Faith are the only practical means by which accurate discernment becomes possible.
There are several ways in which dissenters market their plot for the destruction of Truth. As the Church was warned millennia ago, the darkness masquerades as light and truth [9]. Since error spouted by dissenters would be obvious to those practicing their Catholic Faith, they carefully package their opinions into nicely sounding words to convince one of their positions. Discourses from "experts" who make (secular) rationalistic arguments intend to convince one of the relativistic truth of a matter are widely promulgated. Essentially, dissenters market error (e.g. heresy) and sin, all under the guise of good. Unfortunately, many Catholics do not practice their Faith, and therefore being partially blinded by lukewarmness (which Jesus does not approve [4]), may fall for the cleverly marketed dissident beliefs. However, it is one's duty to know truth from error and to avoid being part of a dissenting organization. Some dissenters say that it is appropriate to fight against the teachings of the Church. This is patently false, as shown by the Church's response in Biblical times:
Ephesians 5:6-10 "Let no one deceive you with empty words, for it is because of these things that the wrath of God comes upon the sons of disobedience. Therefore do not associate with them, for once you were darkness, but now you are light in the Lord; walk as children of light (for the fruit of light is found in all that is good and right and true), and try to learn what is pleasing to the Lord."
1 Timothy 6:3-5 "If any one teaches otherwise and does not agree with the sound words of our Lord Jesus Christ and the teaching which accords with godliness, he is puffed up with conceit, he knows nothing; he has a morbid craving for controversy and for disputes about words, which produce envy, dissension, slander, base suspicions, and wrangling among men who are depraved in mind and bereft of the truth, imagining that godliness is a means of gain."
Galatians 5:19-21 "Now the works of the flesh are plain: fornication, impurity, licentiousness, idolatry, sorcery, enmity, strife, jealousy, anger, selfishness, dissension, party spirit, envy, drunkenness, carousing, and the like. I warn you, as I warned you before, that those who do such things shall not inherit the kingdom of God."
Acts 15:1-11 "But some men came down from Judea and were teaching the brethren, "Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved." And when Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and debate with them, Paul and Barnabas and some of the others were appointed to go up to Jerusalem to the apostles and the elders about this question. ... The apostles and the elders were gathered together to consider this matter. And after there had been much debate, Peter rose and said to them, "... Now therefore why do you make trial of God by putting a yoke upon the neck of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we have been able to bear? But we believe that we shall be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, just as they will." (the Pope settles the doctrinal matter with a declaration!)
1 Corinthians 5: 9-13 "I wrote to you in my letter not to associate with immoral men; not at all meaning the immoral of this world, or the greedy and robbers, or idolaters, since then you would need to go out of the world. But rather I wrote to you not to associate with any one who bears the name of brother if he is guilty of immorality or greed, or is an idolater, reviler, drunkard, or robber--not even to eat with such a one. For what have I to do with judging outsiders? Is it not those inside the church whom you are to judge? God judges those outside. "Drive out the wicked person from among you."
Commonly used dissenter "Newspeak" vocabulary tactics include:
The following listing of terms that have been gathered from various dissenter produced materials. By no means is this intended to be a complete list, or if the term is found in spoken or written material, certainty of the author's dissension from Catholic teaching is not guaranteed. In some cases, the term itself is more obviously related to dissent, such as feminist theology, while other terms depend on their context of use, such as the term rights. If you find a term not listed here, please document its usage and send it to the author so that this list may be updated.
True dignity then means to learn the Truth and live your life according to it. Homosexual acts degrade the dignity of the person and have been condemned by the God and His Church, going back thousands of years to the Old Testament Biblical times.It is in accordance with their dignity as persons--that is, beings endowed with reason and free will and therefore privileged to bear personal responsibility--that all men should be at once impelled by nature and also bound by a moral obligation to seek the truth, especially religious truth. They are also bound to adhere to the truth, once it is known, and to order their whole lives in accord with the demands of truth.
What are the Catholic principles? Essentially they are to bring the separated brethren into the one true Catholic Faith [13]. Dissenters instead practice pluralism in which dialogue is pushed to compromise the Truth of the Catholic Faith with that of the Protestants. Rather than help the Protestants understand the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church, the dissenters promote that Catholics should accept errors from Protestant (or other) faiths in the spirit of compromise, as if the doctrine of the Church is a result of human reasoning or democratic vote. Vatican II, then, defines true ecumenism as working to incorporate all people into the Catholic Faith:"However, many Christian communions present themselves to men as the true inheritors of Jesus Christ; all indeed profess to be followers of the Lord but differ in mind and go their different ways, as if Christ Himself were divided. Such division openly contradicts the will of Christ, scandalizes the world, and damages the holy cause of preaching the Gospel to every creature."
Note that true Catholic ecumenism is also directed at achieving unity with the Eastern Churches, the Orthodox Christians, who split from the Church of Rome in 1054. However, dissenters are not generally concerned with them."For it is only through Christ's Catholic Church, which is 'the all-embracing means of salvation,' that they can benefit fully from the means of salvation. We believe that Our Lord entrusted all the blessings of the New Covenant to the apostolic college alone, of which Peter is the head, in order to establish the one Body of Christ on earth to which all should be fully incorporated who belong in any way to the people of God."
Does this mean that anything goes, as long as one acts on his or her own judgment? That is what dissenters want, who further claim that the "restrictive old-fashioned" teachings of the Church are coercive and oppressing their right to choose. Of course, Vatican II teaches otherwise. Dissenters fail to - or most likely refuse to - heed the remainder of #1 of Dignitatis Humanae:"A sense of the dignity of the human person has been impressing itself more and more deeply on the consciousness of contemporary man, and the demand is increasingly made that men should act on their own judgment, enjoying and making use of a responsible freedom, not driven by coercion but motivated by a sense of duty."
Lumen Gentium #36 explicitly requires the conscience to be Catholic and for the Catholic conscience to guide every action of the person all the time - no exceptions:First, the council professes its belief that God Himself has made known to mankind the way in which men are to serve Him, and thus be saved in Christ and come to blessedness. We believe that this one true religion subsists in the Catholic and Apostolic Church, to which the Lord Jesus committed the duty of spreading it abroad among all men. Thus He spoke to the Apostles: "Go, therefore, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have enjoined upon you" (Matt. 28: 19-20). On their part, all men are bound to seek the truth, especially in what concerns God and His Church, and to embrace the truth they come to know, and to hold fast to it.
This Vatican Council likewise professes its belief that it is upon the human conscience that these obligations fall and exert their binding force. The truth cannot impose itself except by virtue of its own truth, as it makes its entrance into the mind at once quietly and with power.
"Because of the very economy of salvation the faithful should learn to distinguish carefully between the rights and the duties which they have as belonging to the Church and those which fall to them as members of the human society. They will strive to unite the two harmoniously, remembering that in every temporal affair they are to be guided by a Christian conscience, since not even in temporal business may any human activity be withdrawn from God's dominion."
So Vatican II states obviously that humans can know how to behave via the Truths taught by the Church, that they are obligated to learn said Truths, and to live their lives - via a properly formed and informed Catholic conscience - according to those Truths.
Sedevacantists often pick on one point that they use to claim that the Vatican II Council is invalid, that being on religious freedom. They believe that in the past, many Popes have taught that religious freedom is against the teachings of the Church. Quoting again Dignitatis Humanae:
Religious freedom, in turn, which men demand as necessary to fulfill their duty to worship God, has to do with immunity from coercion in civil society. Therefore it leaves untouched traditional Catholic doctrine on the moral duty of men and societies toward the true religion and toward the one Church of Christ.
Simply put, what Vatican II teaches is that the unchanging Catholic doctrine is still, has always been, and always will be - in effect. Vatican II is by no means inconsistent with past Church teachings. What is made crystal clear is that civil society may not coerce a religious belief, such as forced in atheistic communist China, and that individuals cannot be forced to believe the Truth, even the Catholic Faith of the One True God. The Catholic Church is obligated to teach the Truth to the best of its ability, but the bottom line is that God endowed each person with a free will, and that person must - by that same free will - accept the Truth. Faith is a gift which must be accepted by the person, and it cannot be shoved down their throat. A person can refuse the gift of Faith, and their soul will suffer the consequences of their choices for all eternity after their particular judgment after death.
Those dissenters who want to "change the Catholic Faith" are really people who reject the gift of Faith and want to take others down with them - misery loves company as they say. Here we learn how totally hypocritical are the dissenters. True Catholics have the right to the Truth as taught by the Church. Dissenters are trying to coerce the Church to accept their errors and opinions which thereby pollutes the Catholic Faith. Therefore, by oppressing the Truth, the dissenters deny a true Catholic's right to a pure and proper Catholic Faith, which leads to eternal salvation. Obstinate dissenters should convert to the Truth or, failing that, just leave the Church and go find a religion which suits their pluralistic fancy. Of course, the father of lies, the author of dissension, [17] doesn't want dissenters to leave because his plan is to destroy Jesus Christ's Church. (interesting side thought: do feminists want a female devil too? We never hear about that!) Just remember that your soul has eternal consequences to pay for its choices.
#12. "By this appreciation of the faith, aroused and sustained by the Spirit of truth, the People of God, guided by the sacred teaching authority (Magisterium), and obeying it, receives not the mere word of men, but truly the word of God (cf. 1 Th. 2:13), the faith once for all delivered to the saints (cf. Jude 3). The People unfailingly adheres to this faith, penetrates it more deeply with right judgment, and applies it more fully in daily life."
#7. " On earth, still as pilgrims in a strange land, following in trial and in oppression the paths he [Jesus] trod, we are associated with his sufferings as the body with its head, suffering with him, that with him we may be glorified (cf. Rom. 8:17)."
#8. " Just as Christ carried out the work of redemption in poverty and oppression, so the Church is called to follow the same path if she is to communicate the fruits of salvation to men."
#27. " [the Bishop] taken from among men and oppressed by the weakness [towards sin] that surrounds him, he can compassionate those who are ignorant and erring (cf. Heb. 5:1-2)."
The way such subtle idolatry is peddled is cleverly disguised under the "eco" (ecology) label. Eco-concerns are pushed and blown out of proportion. For example, such dissenters spend much time supporting whale saving while at the same time support child killing via abortion. "Eco" is also a key driver in the belief system of eco-feminism or the more general eco-spirituality. It is true that humans, as the stewards of the earth, are to take care of it. Unnecessary pollution or destruction of the environment are not good. However, the earth is not sacred, nor does it take priority over the salvation of human souls.
Jesus asks God our Father that we may all be unified and tells us that division brings down the house of God.
John 17:11 "And now I am no more in the world, but they are in the world, and I am coming to thee. Holy Father, keep them in thy name, which thou hast given me, that they may be one, even as we are one."
Luke 11:17 "But he, knowing their thoughts, said to them, Every kingdom divided against itself is laid waste, and a divided household falls."
Mark 3:24-25 "If a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand. And if a house is divided against itself, that house will not be able to stand."
Matthew 12:25 "Knowing their thoughts, he said to them, Every kingdom divided against itself is laid waste, and no city or house divided against itself will stand;"
The following listing of terms is noticeably absent in any material available from dissenters. The Truth of these words are oppressed because they remind one of the call to truly live the Catholic Faith which would result in salvation, that being with God in Heaven for all eternity. But it is the method of the prince of this world, the father of lies [17], satan, to oppress Truth and introduce error instead.
Once the seed of accepting error and its resulting sin has been planted using the deceptive vocabulary, the dissenters then work on getting your buy-in. They will use whatever methods are believed to obtain the maximum impact, especially those that appear to increase their own credibility. They use many tactics for this, as shown below. However, there are always defenses against such error, that being the Truth taught by the Church. Dissenters:
Denigrate the teaching Authority of the Church, who is the Pope and Magisterium, and claim they are "old-fashioned," therefore requiring a change to be brought "up-to-date." This is simply Modernism, which has been succinctly condemned by the Church. What dissenters refuse to accept, deliberately or perhaps innocently (hard to believe), is that the method of teaching the Church Truths can change, but the Truth itself does not change. Vatican II did not promulgate any new dogma, it just repeated what the Church had already taught. The often stated "pastoral nature" of the Council is the essence of Vatican II, which is focused changing the method of how the Church teaches, and not the teachings themselves.
Attempt to prove that the teachings of the Church have changed over time, and therefore the dissident promoted belief is just one of a continually changing set of beliefs.
Promote opinions of various theologians and clergy (i.e. priests and Bishops) to substantiate their claims while simultaneously denigrating the teaching authority of the Church. First, the theologians promoted are always liberal and are those that teach error, such as Rahner about the Eucharist. Second, a belief is not necessarily proper because a priest or Bishop says so. What most Catholics do not know is that nearly all the heresies in the past have come from clergy! There are many examples, a few being:
No matter what highfalutin logical argument or rank and number of clergy or theologian
who promulgates said argument as the "truth," the sure
norm we Catholics have is the teaching authority of the
Church as the source of Truth. Bishops are required to adhere
to the Truth also, and do not 'create' doctrinal Truth. Vatican II
Lumen Gentium states:
#12: By this appreciation of the faith, aroused and sustained by the
Spirit of truth, the People of God, guided by the sacred teaching
authority (Magisterium), and obeying it, receives not the mere
word of men, but truly the word of God (cf. 1 Th. 2:13), the
faith once for all delivered to the saints (cf. Jude 3). The
People unfailingly adheres to this faith, penetrates it more
deeply with right judgment, and applies it more fully in daily life. #18: In order that the episcopate itself, however, might be one and
undivided he put Peter at the head of the other apostles, and in him
he set up a lasting and visible source and foundation of the unity both
of faith and of communion. This teaching concerning the institution,
the permanence, the nature and import of the sacred primacy of the
Roman Pontiff and his infallible teaching office, the sacred synod
proposes anew to be firmly believed by all the faithful, and, proceeding
undeviatingly with this same undertaking, it proposes to proclaim
publicly and enunciate clearly the doctrine concerning bishops,
successors of the apostles, who together with Peter's successor,
the Vicar of Christ and the visible head of the whole Church,
direct the house of the living God.
What is ironic is that the dissenters would have you believe that
their supporting prelates have the truth, but that the teaching authority of
the Church does not. Yet these same prelates are obligated to submit
to that same teaching authority of the Church.
Use lobbying techniques of "political pressure" to force their views, including promotion of behavior which includes deliberate disregard for Church teachings or authority (other than their own). A frequently promoted tactic is to withhold donations to the Parish if the priest does not accede to dissenter demands. When studying the heresies of the past, one will notice that those which had political backing, from either some high-ranking clergy or, at that time, secular powers of state (i.e. kings), persisted longer and had a larger scope of negative impact on the Church.
Claim that they represent the opinion of many or most Catholics, when in truth, they represent a small radical dissenting minority. This method implicitly asserts that the opinion of the laity is what sets the dogma and doctrine of the Church, which is clearly erroneous. The Church receives its dogma and doctrine from it's founder, Jesus Christ, Who continues His work through the Holy Spirit. Vatican II repeats this constant teaching of the Church.
Spout the phrase "Spirit of Vatican II." This infamous phrase is an extremely common battle-cry that has become the mantra of modernist dissenters everywhere who pretend that Vatican II supports their beliefs. Many dissenters use this mantra without any specific backing behind it, while others quote various texts of Vatican II which, taken in isolation and on the surface, appear to support the dissenting beliefs. The appropriate defense against this claim is to know what the Vatican II documents really say. Read them here and learn them! When anyone claims that something is in the "Spirit of Vatican II," verify said claims with the actual documents of Vatican II - ask for a specific reference and look it up in the documents.
Intimidate and calumniate you with uncharitable accusations of "judgmental," "close-minded," "narrow-minded."
Hope to obtain implicit consent via the silence of Catholics. This is probably the most insidious method of dissenters and may be the most common situation today. First, if claims of a dissenter are not investigated but are just accepted at face value, then one is guilty of choosing to be lead by a blind man [7]. Furthermore, if one is aware of error, it is one's duty to make that error known.[3] If truth is not spoken, then the darkness of sin truly triumphs. Of course to know if error exists, one must know the Faith to compare a dissenter claim against the sure standard of Catholic teachings.
The bottom line is that your Catholic consent is to be given to the Church teaching, and to the Church alone, [10] since the Church truly speaks for God. [15]
One will notice that the thread of "choice" runs through many of the terms and related concepts used. Given that God the Father has created us with free will, He expects us to make choices everyday. The difference between God's version of choice and the dissenter view is the object of the choice, e.g. what we choose. God expects us to choose His Will, His way and His law, and will judge us as such. Choices pleasing to God are following the 10 Commandments, summed up in the two greatest Commandments, love God above all and your neighbor as yourself. Obstinate sinners, however, demand to choose sin and error and to walk in the darkness.
Given the dissenters' sophisticated marketing of sin and error, today's practicing Catholic cannot just accept anything at face value. Digging into the details is critical to understanding, and such understanding can only come with proper discernment, which in turn requires prayer and actual knowledge of the Catholic Faith. Learn your Faith! As the Bible clearly tells us in Hosea 4:6; "My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge."
Dissenters should carefully heed the words of Jesus Christ, since they place their souls in danger:
Mark 9:42 "Whoever causes one of these little ones who believe in me to sin, it would be better for him if a great millstone were hung round his neck and he were thrown into the sea."
#5. "'The obedience of faith' (Rom. 13:26; see 1:5; 2 Cor 10:5-6) is to be given to God who reveals, an obedience by which man commits his whole self freely to God, offering the full submission of intellect and will to God who reveals," and freely assenting to the truth revealed by Him. To make this act of faith, the grace of God and the interior help of the Holy Spirit must precede and assist, moving the heart and turning it to God, opening the eyes of the mind and giving "joy and ease to everyone in assenting to the truth and believing it." To bring about an ever deeper understanding of revelation the same Holy Spirit constantly brings faith to completion by His gifts.
#6. "Through divine revelation, God chose to show forth and communicate Himself and the eternal decisions of His will regarding the salvation of men. That is to say, He chose to share with them those divine treasures which totally transcend the understanding of the human mind. As a sacred synod has affirmed, God, the beginning and end of all things, can be known with certainty from created reality by the light of human reason (see Rom. 1:20); but teaches that it is through His revelation that those religious truths which are by their nature accessible to human reason can be known by all men with ease, with solid certitude and with no trace of error, even in this present state of the human race."
#5. "... The mystery of the holy Church is already brought to light in the way it was founded. For the Lord Jesus inaugurated his Church by preaching the Good News, that is, the coming of the kingdom of God, promised over the ages in the scriptures: 'The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand' (Mk. 1:15; Mt. 4:17)."
#14. "... Hence they could not be saved who, knowing that the Catholic Church was founded as necessary by God through Christ, would refuse either to enter it, or to remain in it."
#19. "... By preaching everywhere the Gospel (cf. Mk. 16:20), welcomed and received under the influence of the Holy Spirit by those who hear it, the apostles gather together the universal Church, which the Lord founded upon the apostles and built upon blessed Peter their leader, the chief corner-stone being Christ Jesus himself (cf. Apoc. 21:14; Mt. 16:18; Eph. 2:20)."
#18. "In order to shepherd the People of God and to increase its numbers without cease, Christ the Lord set up in his Church a variety of offices which aim at the good of the whole body. The holders of office, who are invested with a sacred power, are, in fact, dedicated to promoting the interests of their brethren, so that all who belong to the People of God, and are consequently endowed with true Christian dignity, may, through their free and well ordered efforts towards a common goal, attain to salvation.""
"This sacred synod, following in the steps of the First Vatican Council, teaches and declares with it that Jesus Christ, the eternal pastor, set up the holy Church by entrusting the apostles with their mission as he himself had been sent by the Father (cf. Jn. 20:21). He willed that their successors, the bishops namely, should be the shepherds in his Church until the end of the world. In order that the episcopate itself, however, might be one and undivided he put Peter at the head of the other apostles, and in him he set up a lasting and visible source and foundation of the unity both of faith and of communion. This teaching concerning the institution, the permanence, the nature and import of the sacred primacy of the Roman Pontiff and his infallible teaching office, the sacred synod proposes anew to be firmly believed by all the faithful, and, proceeding undeviatingly with this same undertaking, it proposes to proclaim publicly and enunciate clearly the doctrine concerning bishops, successors of the apostles, who together with Peter's successor, the Vicar of Christ and the visible head of the whole Church, direct the house of the living God."
#19. "The Lord Jesus, having prayed at length to the Father, called to himself those whom he willed and appointed twelve to be with him, whom he might send to preach the kingdom of God (cf. Mk. 3:13-19; Mt. 10:1-42). These apostles (cf. Lk. 6:13) he constituted in the form of a college or permanent assembly, at the head of which he placed Peter, chosen from amongst them (cf. Jn. 21:15-17). He sent them first of all to the children of Israel and then to all peoples (cf. Rom. 1:16), SO that, sharing in his power, they might make all peoples his disciples and sanctify and govern them (cf. Mt. 28:16-20; Mk. 16:15; Lk. 24:45-48; Jn. 20:21-23) and thus spread the Church and, administering it under the guidance of the Lord, shepherd it all days until the end of the world (cf. Mt. 28:20). They were fully confirmed in this mission on the day of Pentecost (cf. Acts 2:1-26) according to the promise of the Lord: "You shall receive power when the Holy Ghost descends upon you; and you shall be my witnesses both in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the remotest part of the earth" (Acts 1:8). By preaching everywhere the Gospel (cf. Mk. 16:20), welcomed and received under the influence of the Holy Spirit by those who hear it, the apostles gather together the universal Church, which the Lord founded upon the apostles and built upon blessed Peter their leader, the chief corner-stone being Christ Jesus himself (cf. Apoc. 21:14; Mt. 16:1118; Eph. 2:20)."
#20. "That divine mission, which was committed by Christ to the apostles, is destined to last until the end of the world (cf. Mt. 28:20), since the Gospel, which they were charged to hand on, is, for the Church, the principle of all its life for all time. For that very reason the apostles were careful to appoint successors in this hierarchically constituted society."
"In fact, not only had they various helpers in their ministry, but, in order that the mission entrusted to them might be continued after their death, they consigned, by will and testament, as it were, to their immediate collaborators the duty of completing and consolidating the work they had begun, urging them to tend to the whole flock, in which the Holy Spirit had appointed them to shepherd the Church of God (cf. Acts 20:28). They accordingly designated such men and then made the ruling that likewise on their death other proven men should take over their ministry. Amongst those various offices which have been exercised in the Church from the earliest times the chief place, according to the witness of tradition, is held by the function of those who, through their appointment to the dignity and responsibility of bishop, and in virtue consequently of the unbroken succession, going back to the beginning, are regarded as transmitters of the apostolic line. Thus, according to the testimony of St. Irenaeus, the apostolic tradition is manifested and preserved in the whole world by those who were made bishops by the apostles and by their successors down to our own time."
"In that way, then, with priests and deacons as helpers, the bishops received the charge of the community, presiding in God's stead over the flock of which they are the shepherds in that they are teachers of doctrine, ministers of sacred worship and holders of office in government. Moreover, just as the office which the Lord confided to Peter alone, as first of the apostles, destined to be transmitted to his successors, is a permanent one, so also endures the office, which the apostles received, of shepherding the Church, a charge destined to be exercised without interruption by the sacred order of bishops. The sacred synod consequently teaches that the bishops have by divine institution taken the place of the apostles as pastors of the Church, in such wise that whoever listens to them is listening to Christ and whoever despises them despises Christ and him who sent Christ (cf. Lk. 10:16)."
#2. In order to establish this His holy Church everywhere in the world till the end of time, Christ entrusted to the College of the Twelve the task of teaching, ruling and sanctifying. (Cf. Mt. 28, 18-20, collato Jn. 20 21-23.) Among their number He selected Peter, and after his confession of faith determined that on him He would build His Church. Also to Peter He promised the keys of the kingdom of heaven (Cf. Mt. 16, 18, collato Mt. 18, 18.), and after His profession of love, entrusted all His sheep to him to be confirmed in faith (Cf. Lc. 22, 32.) and shepherded in perfect unity. Christ Jesus Himself was forever to remain the chief cornerstone (Cf. Eph. 2, 20.) and shepherd of our souls. (Cf. 1 Petr. 2)
Jesus Christ, then, willed that the apostles and their successors - the bishops with Peter's successor at their head - should preach the Gospel faithfully, administer the sacraments, and rule the Church in love. It is thus, under the action of the Holy Spirit, that Christ wills His people to increase, and He perfects His people's fellowship in unity: in their confessing the one faith, celebrating divine worship in common, and keeping the fraternal harmony of the family of God.
The Church, then, is God's only flock; it is like a standard lifted high for the nations to see it: (Cf. Is. 11, 10-12.) for it serves all mankind through the Gospel of peace (Cf. Eph. 2, 17-18, collato Mc. 16, 15.) as it makes its pilgrim way in hope toward the goal of the fatherland above. (Cf. 1 Petr. 1, 3-9.)
#4. The term "ecumenical movement" indicates the initiatives and activities planned and undertaken, according to the various needs of the Church and as opportunities offer, to promote Christian unity. These are: first, every effort to avoid expressions, judgments and actions which do not represent the condition of our separated brethren with truth and fairness and so make mutual relations with them more difficult; then, "dialogue" between competent experts from different Churches and Communities.
#9. We must get to know the outlook of our separated brethren. To achieve this purpose, study is of necessity required, and this must be pursued with a sense of realism and good will. Catholics, who already have a proper grounding, need to acquire a more adequate understanding of the respective doctrines of our separated brethren, their history, their spiritual and liturgical life, their religious psychology and general background. Most valuable for this purpose are meetings of the two sides-especially for discussion of theological problems-where each can treat with the other on an equal footing-provided that those who take part in them are truly competent and have the approval of the bishops. From such dialogue will emerge still more clearly what the situation of the Catholic Church really is. In this way too the outlook of our separated brethren will be better understood, and our own belief more aptly explained.
#11. The way and method in which the Catholic faith is expressed should never become an obstacle to dialogue with our brethren. It is, of course, essential that the doctrine should be clearly presented in its entirety. Nothing is so foreign to the spirit of ecumenism as a false irenicism, in which the purity of Catholic doctrine suffers loss and its genuine and certain meaning is clouded.
Luke 11:17 "But he, knowing their thoughts, said to them, "Every kingdom divided against itself is laid waste, and a divided household falls."
The faithful must, then, recognize the inner nature, the value and the ordering of the whole of creation to the praise of God. Even by their secular activity they must aid one another to greater holiness of life, so that the world may be filled with the spirit of Christ and may the more effectively attain its destiny in justice, in love and in peace. The laity enjoy a principle role in the universal fulfillment of this task. Therefore, by their competence in secular disciplines and by their activity, interiorly raised up by grace, let them work earnestly in order that created goods through human labor, technical skill and civil culture may serve the utility of all men according to the plan of the creator and the light of his word. May these goods be more suitably distributed among all men and in their own way may they be conducive to universal progress in human and Christian liberty. Thus, through the members of the Church, will Christ increasingly illuminate the whole of human society with his saving light.
Moreover, by uniting their forces, let the laity so remedy the institutions and conditions of the world when the latter are an inducement to sin, that these may be conformed to the norms of justice, favoring rather than hindering the practice of virtue. By so doing they will impregnate culture and human works with a moral value. In this way the field of the world is better prepared for the seed of the divine word and the doors of the Church are opened more widely through which the message of peace may enter the world.
Because of the very economy of salvation the faithful should learn to distinguish carefully between the rights and the duties which they have as belonging to the Church and those which fall to them as members of the human society. They will strive to unite the two harmoniously, remembering that in every temporal affair they are to be guided by a Christian conscience, since not even in temporal business may any human activity be withdrawn from God's dominion. In our times it is most necessary that this distinction and harmony should shine forth as clearly as possible in the manner in which the faithful act, in order that the mission of the Church may correspond more fully with the special circumstances of the world today. But just as it must be recognized that the terrestrial city, rightly concerned with secular affairs, is governed by its own principles, thus also the ominous doctrine which seeks to build society with no regard for religion, and attacks and utterly destroys the religious liberty of its citizens, is rightly to be rejected.
37. Like all Christians, the laity have the right to receive in abundance the help of the spiritual goods of the Church, especially that of the word of God and the sacraments from the pastors. To the latter the laity should disclose their needs and desires with that liberty and confidence which befits children of God and brothers of Christ. By reason of the knowledge, competence or pre-eminence which they have the laity are empowered--indeed sometimes obliged--to manifest their opinion on those things which pertain to the good of the Church. If the occasion should arise this should be done through the institutions established by the Church for that purpose and always with truth, courage and prudence and with reverence and charity towards those who, by reason of their office, represent the person of Christ.
The pastors, indeed, should recognize and promote the dignity and responsibility of the laity in the Church. They should willingly use their prudent advice and confidently assign duties to them in the service of the Church, leaving them freedom and scope for acting. Indeed, they should give them the courage to undertake works on their own initiative. They should with paternal love consider attentively in Christ initial moves, suggestions and desires proposed by the laity. Moreover the pastors must respect and recognize the liberty which belongs to all in the terrestrial city. "