SACRED CONGREGATION FOR THE DOCTRINE OF THE FAITH
NOTIFICATION CONCERNING THE TEXT
'MARY AND HUMAN LIBERATION'
by Fr. Tissa Balasuriya, O.M.I.
January 2, 1997
On 5 June 1994, the Bishops' Conference of Sri Lanka publicly declared that the publication entitled Mary and Human Liberation [1] by Fr. Tissa Balasuriya, O.M.I. contained statements incompatible with the faith of the Church regarding the doctrine of revelation and its transmission, Christology, soteriology and Mariology. The Bishops concluded by admonishing the faithful to refrain from reading the book. The author, on his part, reacted negatively, contending that his text had been interpreted erroneously and demanding that the truth of the accusations be demonstrated to him.
In spite of the declaration by the Bishops' Conference of Sri Lanka, the erroneous ideas continued to be disseminated among the faithful, even beyond the borders of Sri Lanka; it was for this reason that the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, in keeping with its responsibility for safeguarding the faith throughout the Catholic world, decided to intervene. At the end of July 1994, the dicastery sent the Superior General of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate some observations on the text, confirming that it contained statements manifestly incompatible with the faith of the Church. In addition, the Superior General was invited to take the measures appropriate in such a case, including a request for a public retraction.
In his response of 14 March 1995, Fr. Balasuriya once again stated his positions and maintained that the observations of the Congregation had misunderstood and falsified his doctrinal positions.
To assist the author to demonstrate his full and unconditioned adherence to the Magisterium, in November 1995, the Congregation forwarded the text of a profession of faith to the Superior General of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, centred on magisterial definitions relative to those truths of the faith which the author had denied or had interpreted erroneously. Moreover, it was stated that if Fr. Balasuriya would agree to sign the profession, it would then be decided how most adequately to repair the harm done to the faithful; should he not agree, in addition to the disciplinary measures which would follow (can. 1364), the possibility of a public Notification would be taken into consideration by the Congregation.
In May 1996, Fr. Balasuriya responded by sending a different text, the "Solemn Profession of Paul VI" which had been signed by him with the addition of the following clause: "I Fr. Tissa Balasuriya O.M.I. make and sign this Profession of Faith of Pope Paul VI in the context of theological development and Church practice since Vatican II and the freedom and responsibility of Christians and theological searchers, under Canon Law." Prescinding from the fact that the author had responded with a text different from the one requested, the addition of such a clause rendered the declaration defective, since it diminished the universal and permanent value of the definitions of the Magisterium.
In June 1996, the Congregation again asked the Superior General of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate to invite Fr. Balasuriya to sign the text of the profession of faith already given to him, within a period of three weeks and without any conditioning clause.
In the meantime, the Secretary of the Bishops' Conference of Sri Lanka had communicated that Fr. Balasuriya had made recourse to the State Mediation Board against the Episcopal Conference, as well as against the Archbishop of Colombo and the editors and manager of the Colombo Catholic Press, in response to the declaration regarding Mary and Human Liberation and its subsequent publication in Catholic newspapers.
On 16 July 1996, the Procurator General of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate transmitted the response of Fr. Balasuriya, dated 1 July 1996, in which he stated that he had suspended the civil proceedings against the Bishops, giving as the reason for this decision his hope that there would be a re-examination of his case within the Church. He was, in all probability, referring to his appeal against the Bishops of Sri Lanka, dated 13 June 1996, to the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, in which he maintained that the procedures that led to the declaration regarding his text had been marred by serious irregularities. The Tribunal responded, however, that the question did not fall within its competence. In a similar way, the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, having received an appeal by Fr. Balasuriya dated 17 July 1996, recognized its lack of competence in this case and forwarded the author's letter to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
Fr. Balasuriya also asked the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith to allow him some time to reflect further on its request that he sign the profession of faith without any conditioning clause, and promised a response before the end of September; such a response, however, never arrived.
Given the clear refusal of Fr. Balasuriya to publicly and unequivocally profess his adherence to the faith of the Church, on 22 July 1996, the Congregation, at a meeting with the Superior General and Procurator General of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, communicated that such a situation could not be allowed to continue and that, therefore, a Notification would be published in his regard.
Fr. Balasuriya was offered a further opportunity to demonstrate his unconditioned adherence to the faith of the Church when, on 7 December 1996, he was called, together with his Provincial Superior, to the Apostolic Nunciature in Sri Lanka. At that time, the Apostolic Nuncio read to Fr. Balasuriya the text of a proposed Notification which would be published should he not sign the profession of faith mentioned above. Fr. Balasuriya once again refused and appealed to the Holy Father, asking that a letter he had prepared be delivered directly to the Pope. In this letter, Fr. Balasuriya continued to maintain that everything he had written in his text Mary and Human Liberation was within the limits of orthodoxy.
On 27 December 1996, in the name of the Holy Father, His Eminence Angelo Cardinal Sodano, Secretary of State, responded with a letter to Fr. Balasuriya, assuring him that the Pope had personally followed the various phases of the procedure used by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in its examination of his writing, and that the Holy Father had expressly approved the Notification of the Congregation.
Therefore, given the failure of this latest attempt to obtain from Fr. Balasuriya an expression of adherence to the faith of the Church, the Congregation is compelled, for the good of the faithful, to publish the present Notification, in which the essential elements of the above-mentioned observations are made public.
The aim of Fr. Balasuriya's publication is, in his own words, "the critique and evaluation of theological propositions and presuppositions. (p. iv) of the Church's Mariological teaching. In pursuing this intention, the author arrives at the formulation of principles and theological explanations which contain a series of grave errors and which, to different degrees, are distortions of the truths of dogma and are, therefore, incompatible with the faith.
Fr. Balasuriya does not recognize the supernatural, unique and irrepeatable character of the revelation of Jesus Christ, by placing its presuppositions on the same level as those of other religions (cf. pp. 31-63). In particular, he maintains that certain "presuppositions" connected to myths were uncritically assumed to be revealed historical facts and, interpreted ideologically by the clerical "power holders" in the Church, eventually became the teaching of the Magisterium (cf. pp. 41-49).
Fr. Balasuriya assumes, moreover, a discontinuity in the economy of revelation. In fact, he distinguishes "between the faith due in Christianity to what Jesus teaches and to what the Churches have subsequently developed as interpretations of his teaching" (p. 37).2 From this, it follows that the content expressed by various dogmas is considered to be on the same level as theological interpretations offered "by the Churches, which are the fruit of their cultural and political interests (cf. pp. 42-45, 7677). This position involves, in fact, the denial of the nature of Catholic dogma and, as a consequence, the relativizing of the revealed truths contained in them.
In the first place, the author relativizes Christological dogma: Jesus is presented simply as "a supreme teacher," "one showing a path to deliverance from sin and union with God" (p. 37), "one of the greatest spiritual leaders of humanity" (p. 149), a person who communicates to us his "primordial spiritual experience. (p. 37), but whose divine sonship is never explicitly recognized (cf. pp. 47, 104-105, 153) and whose salvific function is only doubtfully acknowledged (cf. p. 81).
The ecclesiological errors of the text follow from this vision. In not recognizing that "Jesus Christ wanted a Church -say the Catholic Church-to be the mediator of that salvation" (p. 81), Fr. Balasuriya reduces salvation to a "direct relationship between God and the human person" (p. 81) and so denies the necessity of Baptism (cf. 68).
A fundamental aspect of the thought of Fr. Balasuriya is the denial of the dogma of original sin, held by him to be simply a product of the theological thought of the West (cf. pp. 66-78). This contradicts the nature of this dogma and its intrinsic connection to revealed truth." The author, in fact, does not hold [4] that the meaning of dogmatic formulas remains always true and unchangeable, though capable of being expressed more clearly and better understood. [5]
On the basis of these positions, the author arrives at the point of denying in particular, the Marian dogmas. Mary's divine motherhood, her Immaculate Conception and virginity, as well as her bodily Assumption into heaven, [6] are not recognized as truths belonging to the Word of God (cf. pp. 47, 106 139, 152, 191). Wanting to present a vision of Mary free from "theological elaborations, which are derived from a particular interpretation of one sentence or other of the scriptures" (p. 150) Fr. Balasuriya, in fact, deprives the dogmatic doctrine concerning the Blessed Virgin of every revealed character, thus denying the authority of tradition as a mediation of revealed truth. [7]
Finally it must be noted that Fr. Balasuriya, denying and relativizing some statements of both the extraordinary Magisterium and the ordinary universal Magisterium, reveals that he does not recognize the existence of an infallibility of the Roman Pontiff and of the college of Bishops cum et sub Petro. Reducing the primacy of the Successor of Peter to a question of power (cf. pp. 42, 84, 170), he denies the special character of this ministry. [8]
In publishing this Notification, the Congregation is obliged also to declare that Fr. Balasuriya has deviated from the integrity of the truth of the Catholic faith and, therefore, cannot be considered a Catholic theologian; moreover, he has incurred excommunication latae sententiae (can. 1364, ß1).
The Sovereign Pontiff John Paul II at the Audience granted to the undersigned Cardinal Prefect, approved this Notification, adopted in the ordinary session of this Congregation, and ordered it to be published.
Rome, from the offices of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, 2 January 1997, memorial of St. Basil the Great and St. Gregory Nazianzen, Bishops and Doctors of the Church.
Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger Prefect
Archbishop Tarcisio Bertone
Archbishop emeritus of Vercelli
Secretary
From the January 8, 1997 issue of "L'Osservatore Romano". Editorial and Management Offices, Via del pellegrino, 00120, Vatican City, Europe, Telephone +39 6.698.99.390.